Aeroplane.



Patented Nov. 7,1911

iv 2 Q iinmentm Attnmry I. HOURWIGH.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2,1910.

ISKANDEB'HOURW'IOH, OF VJASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 7, .1911.

Application filed December 2, 1910. Serial No. 595,194.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be t known that L'lsnsnnnc llounwion,

citizen of the United States,'residi ng at 'Washington, in the Districtof Columbia,

have invented certain new and. useful Int provements in Aeroplancs, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to aeroplanes, and pertains especially to planesfor balancing aeroplanes and neutralizing the clipping actionthereof.

The object of the invention is to provide an ordinary aeroplane with aplurality of immovable end planes having such construction andarrangement relative to each other and to the line or direction of thedipping action or motion of aeroplanes, to which such end planes areconnected, as to govern the course of the aeroplane.

A st ll further object of the invention is to provide a plurality ofplanes adapted to be attached to or connected. with the ends of the mainplanes of aeroplanes and having such relation to each other and to theline of dipping motion of aeroplanes as to balance the latter andprevent skidding thereof.

With these and various other objects in view, the inyention consists ina plurality of planes adapted to be fixed to or'rigidly connected withthe usual main planes of aeroplanes, and having such fixed positionrelative to each other and to the vertical plane of flight to controland equalize the dipping action of aerop anes.

In the acconu'ianying drawings forming part of this application: igure 1is a perspective view ofthe main or top and bottom planes of an ordinaryaeroplane showin the application of a pair of balancing planes at eachend of the main planes. Fig. 2 is a detailpe spective View, of one endof the main planes showing balancing planes. Fig. 3 is a diagram lookingat the edge of the main planes showing three balancing planes at eachend, and a computation of their resultant action on the flight course ofan aeroplane.

The same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the severalviews of the drawings.

The main or top and bottom supporting planes 1 and irespectivelyaresimply employed to exemplify the application of the invention and thelatter is not confined or res ricted in its use or application, but may1' used successfully .in connection with-Va 'rious aeroplanes forneutralizing the dipping action thereof.

In carrying out the invention the aeroplanc frame 3 has a'support 5,projecting downwardly and outwardly from each end thereof for supportingan upper balancing plane 6'; and the aeroplane frame 4, has a support 7,pro ecting upwardly and outwardly from each end thereof for supporting alower balancing plane 8. The planes 6 and 8, extend across the ends ofthe aero plane so as to leave aspace or. air passage 9, between theplanes anda. similar space or air passage 10, between said planes andthe ends ofthe aeroplane. It is important that the position of theplanes 6 and 8, relative to each other and to the planes 1- and such asto balance the aeroplane and counteract or prevent the dipping. actionthereof, therefore the balancing planes are arranged in pairs of oneplane 6, and one plane 8, at each endof the aeroplane; the planes 6,being at-an angle of less than to the vertical plane of flight of theaeroplane, and the planes 8, being at an angle of more than 45 to thevertical plane of flight of the aeroplane. It is also important that thebalancing planes be properly spaced opal-tend apart from the ends of theplanes 1 and 2, as to form air passages of equalcapacity.

' In Fig. 2, is shown one end of an aeroplane having anadditionalbalancing plane parallel with the plane 6, and

11, above and two of such planes 11, are added to the plane 8,"parallelwith each other and with.

the plane 8. The said additional planes are supported by a frame 12, andsuch planes may be multiplied, or reduced in number to not less than onepair 6 and 8 at each end of the aeroplane) as desired or as may be foundexpedient in the practical application of the same.

It will be understood that the frames of I the balancing planesmay bepermanently fixed or they may have such means of at tachment as topermit them to be fixed in properposition and to be readily adjusted orremoved; that when said planes are in Working position they arestationary or immovable by hand or by'wind currents, and that theirrelative location and the air spaces between them and between them andthe planes 1 and 2 are necessary to the successful carrying out of theinvention and the results attained thereby, as Will now be fullysetforth.

lteferring to Fig. 3, of the drawings, when either Qtttl (for examplethe left; end) of the aeroplane dips downwardly the plane t3, at thisentl will pull in a direction perpendicular to the force ()l), \vhiehhas been found not to exceed one huuilretl pountls, and as thesupporting area ot' the plane (3, is about. twenty-live square feet,this amounts to approximately tour pounds to the square :toot, whieh mayhe protlueetl by an aeroplane the angle of incidence of whit-h is about30 to the vertieal plane of flight. The forees Oi) antl OI) representthe amount iaeh itoree pulls for (,OltipltttittQ the square, theresultant toree heing,- (Jill, and the tlireetion (it the aeroplane istletteetetl trout a tlt)\\'ll \vai'tl path or tlireetion to the path ordirection iutlieatetl l) the line t)l The planes ll have an augg le oi,iueitleure tt ttHtl l2 o1 43 to the vertieal plane of Night. ainl as theSttlt't ol their areas is ttouhle that at the planes 5, they exert atort-e in an upwartt tlire tion tlouhle that of the l'oree ol the planest3. Denotin; tit" planes ll. at tlte lel't eutl ot the aeroplane autleouipletiu; the square one sitle ot' \vhi h is til, ttlttl the otherside ol \vhieh is ()t", the resultant l'ort'e antl tlllttllttlt ot' theaertr plane is At). ln the the invention tilt is the aetual tlireetionhe eause the plane H. exerts an upwartl 'l'ort'e less than the tort-e otthe tlowuwarti motion 1 uiovahle halt tlt'ttttf planes pro]eet'tng olthe aeroplane. The planes on the othet tlltl ot the aeroplane atsoopposes the up \vartl push antl therehyneutralize the dipping motion olthe aeroplane Ilt shouhl he untlerstootl that the shape. niaterial antlsize of the etpialiyiiup' halauein; plane may he sueh as to produce thehest results tlttftll'tlllhfj to their partieular applieatiou, and thatthey ma he attat-hetl in any Jsuitahle ttlttl expetlitious manner as tottSHtlltlt ti.\'e l position at sueh angle may he tlesirett.

ltaviug thus tleserihetl tit) invention \vhat t. t'laini as new unittlesire to set-tire hy Let tiers'latent is:

t. in a living tnaehine, the oiuhination,

its

l t i pianos ol' the upper as the l'ori'e ol' th 3 ,allel balancingplanes projecting with supporting planes, ot a pair of parfrom each entlol the supporting plai'ies parallel theto with so as to leave an air pasage between the halaneine' planes and the entls of the supportingplanes. the halaneiug hot'h pair eonvere'iug towartl eaeh other andhaving an air passage therehetn een.

In a thing lttttt'ltlllt, the eoinbination, with supporting planes, of al alaneing plane projecting tlt)\ I\Y21 '(l laterally from each end olthe supporting planes, and a balancin; plane projeetiug upward laterallyfrom each entl ol' the supporting planefi, said halntttitrif planeshaving an air passage between thenn antl air pas ages hetiveeu theseplanes ainl the rutls ol the supporting planes.

in a ll viu; niaehiue, the eonihination, \vith .supportin planes, of aplurality of halanriug plants llKt'tl to eaelt mat of the sin-portingpiano sueh planes heing' att'argetl in pper autl lower parallel f-ltlS,the

et iueliuiug outwartlly :t'itt tluvt nwartllv and the planes ofthelou'er et iueliuiu ttllt\'\':iltll atul upwartlly with air pas ageshetn'etn the planes of both StltS, air pa ages hetwren hoth sets: otplanes, antl air passa 'es hettveeu all of the halaneing unit the eutlsof the supporting ptaurs planes.

l, in a living; niaehine, the eonihiuation, with supporting planes of apair o'li iniitttttl). eat-h einl ot' the supporting planes, the upoliueitlenee autl the lower planes of hoth air haviue' equal angles ofineitlenee, with an air pa sage hetween the planes of both pair :unl airpassages hetweeu the ENC l8 0f the supporting planes antl both pair ofhataneine -planes.

lu witueea whereof l hereunto set; my haiul in the preseueo of twowitnesses.

1871'; AN D1) it t O URYVTCH.

\Yitnesaes:

( 'l. int/r, J. Rosa Cornonn.

planes of

